Modernism and Modernity
- 1700s - 1960s Modernist development period
- Post Modern. The world as it is now, after the modern
- The word modern is associated with positive connotations
- Tate Modern- New Gallery
Paris 1900's
- Paris in 1900 most advanced city in the world - Urbanisation 'City of the modern'
- Eiffel tower built with steel - built for purpose – Industrial Prowess
- Aesthetic
- City becomes a product of culture 'A place to go'
- Factory Work takes over rural/farming
- Communication
- Defined cultural 'shift' from country living to town lifestyle
- Roads built
- Telephone and telegraph invented
- Railway
- World time standardised- People previously had no concern over time living by their own clock
- Steam ships
- Cinema, music and photography
(Class Division came about from modernity)
Secularisation-refers to the transformation of a society from close identification with religious values and institutions toward non-religious (or "irreligious") values and secular institutions. Secularisation thesis refers to the belief that as societies progress, particularly through modernization and rationalization, religion loses its authority in all aspects of social life and governance. Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart, Sacred and Secular. Religion and Politics Worldwide, Cambridge University Press, 2004. Chapter 1.[Accessed
Impressionist of the ist group depicted modernism
Haussmanisation
- Paris 1850s- New Paris
- Large Boulevards in favour of narrow streets- Streets easier to police (Local Control)
- Criminals were moved out of the city
- Centre becomes expensive and upperclass
Fashion becomes communicator and signifier of who you are
Discovery of white light (colour made up of RGB) Seurat paintings
Degas L'absinthe- Looks more and more like photos
Kaiser Panorama (1383) Images of modern times
Alfred Stealitz (1903) Flatiron Building
Paul Citreon (1923) Metropolis
Eadward Muybridge (1885) Descending Stairs
Giacomo Balla (1913) Speed of a motorcar
Modernism emerges out of subjective responses of artists/designers to: Modernity
Media important figure in society as it was used to:
- Sell
- Inform
- Advertise
- Persuade
Modernism in design
- Anti-historicism
- Truth to materials – Artists and designers let materials speak for themselves
- Simple geometric forms
- Materials appropriate
- Form follows function
- Technology
- Internationalism
Bauhaus
- The most progressive design movement of the 20th century
- Re-wrote rules of teaching art and design
- Interdisciplinary
- Futura was created for the Bauhaus (typeface)- Was a Sans serif font, modern, no need for licks form over function
- Bauhaus Building – Lots of glass, large windows, modern design
New materials and Technology
- Concrete
- Plastics
- Aluminium
- Reinforced glass
- Building vertically was seen to be the best way as you are able to fit more people in a smaller space
- Religion and real-life experiences replaced
(Materials all associated with industrialisation and mass production)
Internationalism
- A language of design that could be recognised and understood on an international basis
- The design of the map is a good example of how form follows the function. To some it is not particularly aesthetically pleasing to look at but it is easily globally recognised.
Herbert Bayer-
- Sans serif typeface
- He wanted to standardise type so that there was only 1 case
- He was an important figure in helping develop Bauhaus
Stanley Morrison-
- He invented Times New Roman (1932)
- Challenged modernity going back to the archaic style of typography
Nazi's-
- Nazis shut down the Bauhaus as they were thought to have been to progressive
- Fraktur- Nazi Font
Conclusion
- The word modern suggests novelty and improvement
- The mid 1700's- 1960 has seen a social, cultural and political change
- Modernism is the range of ideas and styles that the concept of Modernity acts as a catalyst for.
- Modernism was important for the development of vocabulary and styles, in that the idea form follows function was the key
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